“Don’t cry and don’t rage. Understand”: Baruch Spinoza
“Don’t cry and don’t rage. Understand”: Baruch Spinoza
By Peter Beyfus
Philosophers, by their challenging natures, are likely to cause disturbance among academics and religious authorities, and that was certainly the case with Baruch Spinoza, a man who was controversial, ruffled more than a few feathers, and took inspiration from earlier eminent thinkers like Plato, Aristotle, Maimonides, Thomas Hobbs and René Descartes, to mention some of the luminaries who were seminal in shaping his approach to many branches of philosophy: ethics, metaphysics, epistemology, political philosophy, philosophy of mind and philosophy of science. His legacy would, in turn, have a profound influence on Immanuel Kant, Leibniz, Hegel, Nietzsche, Marx and Einstein.
Spinoza was of Sephardi origin, whose family were Portuguese Marrano, and who fled to the more tolerant Dutch Republic. Baruch Spinoza was born in Amsterdam in 1632. He would have received a traditional Jewish education, learning Hebrew, studying Torah and Talmud but not to rabbinic standards. He left school around seventeen, to help...